HPIPM:Sunflower Midge
Author: Frank B. Peairs[1]
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Field Biology and Identification
The adult sunflower midge is about two millimeters (3/32 inch) in length with a four millimeters (3/16) wingspan. The body is tan‑colored and the wings are transparent and without markings except for veins. Mature larvae are about three millimeters (1/8 inch) long, with tapered bodies, no head capsule, and cream to yellowish orange in color. Midges overwinter as cocooned larvae in the soil and pupate during June. Adults emerge from the pupae in early to mid‑July and live for about three days. Females prefer to lay eggs on heads one to two inches in diameter. Initially, larvae feed on the margins of the head between the bracts. Later, larvae migrate to the center of the head and feed near the base of the developing seeds. Mature midge larvae crawl to the surface of the head and drop to the ground to overwinter.
Plant Response and Damage
Midge larvae feed by dissolving plant material with salivary secretions, then eating the dissolved material. Most larval damage is caused when many larvae feed in the center of the developing bud. Twisting or gnarling often results and heavy seed loss can occur. Substantial economic loss can occur during large population outbreaks, however, this insect in not considered to be a key pest in western High Plains sunflower production.
The information herein is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and that listing of commercial products, necessary to this guide, implies no endorsement by the authors or the Extension Services of Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming or Montana. Criticism of products or equipment not listed is neither implied nor intended. Due to constantly changing labels, laws and regulations, the Extension Services can assume no liability for the suggested use of chemicals contained herein. Pesticides must be applied legally complying with all label directions and precautions on the pesticide container and any supplemental labeling and rules of state and federal pesticide regulatory agencies. State rules and regulations and special pesticide use allowances may vary from state to state: contact your State Department of Agriculture for the rules, regulations and allowances applicable in your state and locality.
