Miller, James H.; Manning, Steven T.; Enloe, Stephen F. 2010. A management guide for invasive plants in southern forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS–131. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 120 p.
Always use clean water in herbicide spray solutions. Thoroughly mix all ingredients before applications. Unevenly mixed herbicide solutions will produce uneven results. For large batch mixing of 5 to 200 gallons, the mixing or application tank must have an agitation system and must be operated for a sufficient time to produce a uniform mix. Never mix herbicides in a backpack sprayer because their shape inhibits thorough mixing. Instead, always mix herbicide sprays for backpack sprayers in a separate mixing container to a point that guarantees uniformity. Mix individual batches with a stirrer in a bucket. For large batches, fill backpack sprayers from a mixing tank that has an agitation system. Fill the mixing bucket or mixing tank one-half to threequarters full with clean water. Add herbicides at label-recommended rates, with carefully calculated and measured amounts of ingredients, stirring or agitating the mixture as you add these. For best results, add herbicide types, additives, and adjuvants in the following order: (1) water conditioners and defoamers, (2) dry flowables (like Escort XP), (3) emulsifiable concentrates (like Garlon 4), (4) water-soluble liquids (like glyphosate herbicides), (5) most adjuvants, and (6) drift retardants. Over time, dry flowables and other herbicides, along with oil additives, can settle to the bottom of a tank and must be periodically agitated as specified on the label.
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