Leafhoppers
From Bugwoodwiki
Contents |
Importance
Although many species of leafhoppers may be found on sycamore foliage, the three listed species of Erythroneura cause most infestations. Leafhoppers suck the leaf sap, reducing tree vigor, and may transmit viruses and mycoplasma diseases.
Identifying the Insect (fig. 7a)
Leafhopper adults are small (6 mm), linear insects that appear tapered at both ends. They vary from yellowish to light green with some speckling or striping. Leafhoppers jump or shoot away when disturbed, earning them the nickname sharpshooters. Immatures have a similar shape but are smaller, wingless, and paler in color with the ability to run backwards on the leaf.
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| Figure 7a. - Leafhopper adults feeding on underside of leaf. |
Identifying the Injury (fig. 7b)
Injured leaves become stippled and chlorotic, especially around the midrib and basal veins. Large populations of leafhoppers may be present on the undersides of leaves. Heavy infestations result in poor leaf color, premature leaf drop, and a less pleasing appearance.
Biology
After overwintering in leaf litter and debris, adult leafhoppers become active on newly opened sycamore buds. Mating and egg laying start early in the growing season. An average generation matures in 41 days. In the late fall, adults move to protected sites to overwinter.
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| Figure 7b. - Chlorotic stippling from feeding injury (top leaf), healthy leaf (bottom). |
Control
Leafhoppers are controlled by spiders, wasps, fungal diseases, and abiotic factors such as rainfall and wind. Chemical control may be needed for ornamental trees during summer and fall.
References
Leininger, T.D; Solomon, J.D.; Wilson, A. Dan; Schiff, N.M. 1999. A Guide to Major Insects, Diseases, Air Pollution Injury, and Chemical Injury of Sycamore. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-28. Asheville, NC: USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 44 p.
