A Guide to Common Insects and Diseases of Forest Trees in the Northeastern United States

From Bugwoodwiki

USDA Forest Service. 1979. A guide to common insects and diseases of forest trees in the northeastern United States. Northeast. Area State Priv. For., For. Insect and Disease Management., Broomall, PA. p. 123, illus.

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Introduction

This guide will assist forest landowners and managers in identifying many common forest pests in the northeastern United States. It emphasizes forest insects and diseases, but includes some weather factors, vertebrate animals, nematodes and mites.

The guide is organized so that insects and diseases of hardwoods are found in one section, insects and diseases of conifers in another, and other pests and damage agents that affect trees in a third section. Within the hardwood and conifer sections, insects and diseases are arranged according to the portion of the tree they attack: foliage, stem, and root and root collar. Color photographs are included to aid in identification of forest pests and damage source.

Common names of forest pests and their hosts have been used whenever possible. The names for insects follow those listed by the Entomological Society of America, 1978 (Special Publication 78-1), or those widely used and accepted by forest entomologists. The scientific names for fungi follow Hepting, 1971 (U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Handbook 386) unless a more recent publication indicates that another name should be used. A glossary has been included to define technical terms.

Hardwood Pests

Foliage insects

• Fall webworm

• Eastern tent caterpillar

• Forest tent caterpillar

• Gypsy moth

• Hickory tussock moth

• Large aspen tortrix

• Elm spanworm

• Fall cankerworm

• Spring cankerworm

• Half-wing geometer

• Linden looper

• Orangestriped oakworm

• Redhumped oakworm

• Variable oakleaf caterpillar

• Oak leafroller

• Oak leaftier

• Yellownecked caterpillar

• Walnut caterpillar

• Cherry scallop shell moth

• Greenstriped mapleworm

• Saddled prominent

• Lace bugs

• Pin oak sawfly

• Locust leafminer

• Birch leafminer

• Yellow-poplar weevil

• Walkingstick

• Palmerworm

Stem insects

• Oystershell scale

• Pit-making oak scale

• Tuliptree scale

• Periodical cicada

• Carpenterworm

• Bronze birch borer

• Twolined chestnut borer

• Locust borer

• Red oak borer

• White oak borer

• Sugar maple borer

Foliage diseases

• Anthracnoses
• Sycamore
• Oak
• Walnut
• Maple

Stem diseases

• Aspen shoot blight

• Ash dieback

• Black knot of cherry

• Butternut dieback

• Yellow birch canker and shoot blight

• Hypoxylon canker of aspen

• Cytospora canker of poplar and willow

• Septoria canker of poplar

• Fusarium canker of yellow-poplar

• Eutypella canker

• Chestnut blight

• Beech bark disease

• Trunk decays

• White trunk rot of birch

• Oxyporus populinus (Fomes connatus)

• Phellinus igniarius (Fomes igniarius)

• Phellinus tremulae (Fomes igniarius var. populinus)

• Fomes fomentarius

• Inonotus glomeratus (Polyporus glomeratus)

• Inonotus hispidus (Polyporus hispidus)

• Pholiota spp.

• Oak wilt

• Dutch elm disease

• Elm phloem necrosis

• Verticillium wilt

• Sapstreak disease of sugar maple

Root diseases

• Shoestring root rot

• Cylindrocladium root rot

CONIFER PESTS

INSECTS

Foliage insects

• Arborvitae leafminer

• Pitch pine looper

• Larch casebearer

• Spruce budworm

• Jack pine budworm

• Pine tussock moth

• Pine sawflies

• European

• Jack

• Introduced

• Redheaded

• Red

• Virginia

• White

• Yellowheaded spruce sawfly

• Larch sawfly

• Eastern spruce gall adelgid

• Pine leaf adelgid

• Pine needle scale

Stem insects

• Pine bark adelgid

• Pine bark beetle

• Southern pine beetle

• Black turpentine beetle

• Red turpentine beetle

• Engraver beetles

• Adana tip moth

• European pine shoot moth

• Nantucket pine tip moth

• Zimmerman pine moth

• Jack pine tip beetle

• Pales weevil

• White pine weevil

• White pine aphid

• Pine tortoise scale

• Pine spittlebug

• Saratoga spittlebug

Root and root collar insects

• Pine root collar weevil

DISEASES

Foliage diseases

• Brownspot needle cast

• Dothistroma needle cast

• Lophodermium needle cast

• Rhabdocline needle cast

• Rhizosphaera needle cast

• Rusts

• Pine needle rust

• Cedar apple rust

Stem diseases

• Phomopsis blight of cedar

• Pine tip blight

• Sirococcus shoot blight of red pine

• Dwarf mistletoe

• Eastern and western gall rusts

• Sweet fern, stalactiform and Comandra rusts

• White pine blister rust

• Scleroderris canker

• Cytospora canker of spruce

• Tympanis canker

• Red heart of fir

• Phellinus pini (Fomes pini)

• Inonotus tomentosus (Polyporus tomentosus)

• Phaeolus schweinitzii (Polyporus schweinitzii)

Root diseases

• Annosus root rot

• White pine root decline

• Damping-off

Other pests and damaging agents of forest trees

• Air pollution

• Deer browsing

• Frost injury

• Hail injury

• Herbacide injury

• Salt injury

• Scorch

• Wind damage

• Sapsucker damage

• Mouse damage

• Nematodes

• Spruce spider mite

• Winter injury

• Porcupine damage

Acknowledgements

We wish to extend our appreciation to the staff of the Office of Information, Eastern Region, USDA Forest Service for their role in producing this publication. We also gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the many state forestry agencies, universities, and private individuals who assisted in the preparation of this guide.