Biology and Biological Control of Purple Loosestrife

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Wilson, L.M.; Schwarzlaender, M.; Blossey, B.; Randall, C.B. Biology and Biological Control of Purple Loosestrife. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team. FHTET-2004-12. 78 p.

Contents 1 Contents 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Getting to Know Purple Loosestrife 1.3 Biology of Purple Loosestrife Biocontrol Agents 1.4 Developing, Implementing, and Managing a Purple Loosestrife Biological Control Program 1.5 Selected References 1.6 Glossary 1.7 Sources of Figures 1.8 Appendix: Troubleshooting Guide and Forms 1.9 Acknowledgements

Contents

Introduction

Getting to Know Purple Loosestrife

Biology of Purple Loosestrife Biocontrol Agents

• Galerucella calmariensis and Galerucella pusilla Duftschmidt
• Hylobius transversovittatus Goeze
• Nanophyes marmoratus Goeze

Developing, Implementing, and Managing a Purple Loosestrife Biological Control Program

• Planning Your Purple Loosestrife Biocontrol Program
• Selecting Release Sites
• Obtaining Purple Loosestrife Biocontrol Agents
• Handling and Releasing Purple Loosestrife Biocontrol Agents
• Monitoring
• Establishing a Photo Point for Monitoring

Selected References

Glossary

Sources of Figures

Appendix: Troubleshooting Guide and Forms

• Troubleshooting Guide: When Things Go Wrong
• Purple Loosestrife Biocontrol Release Form
• Monitoring Plan Questionnaire
• Form 1: Purple Loosestrife Biocontrol Monitoring_Site Location
• Form 2: Purple Loosestrife Biocontrol Monitoring_Insect Monitoring
• Instructions for Form 2
• Form 3: Purple Loosestrife Biocontrol Monitoring_Vegetation Monitoring
• Instructions for Form 3
• Form 4: Purple Loosestrife Biocontrol Monitoring_Associated Vegetation

Acknowledgements

We thank Gary Piper (Washington State University), Eric Coombs (Oregon Department of Agriculture), Douglas Landis (Michigan State University), and Robert Wiedenmann (University of Illinois/Illinois Natural History Survey) for their contributions to this manual. Thanks also to Mark Riffe of INTECS/Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO, for editing, layout, and graphics. We also thank J. Johnson and M. Moses for reviewing this manual; and Richard Reardon of the Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, West Virginia, for providing the funds needed to prepare and publish this manual.